Fátua para mulheres: oração - mulheres nas mesquitas

AoA

Fátua: é um pronunciamento legal no Islã emitido por um especialista em lei religiosa, sobre um assunto específico.

 P: As mulheres hoje podem ir à oração congregacional nas mesquitas?


R: Embora o Profeta PBUH tenha dito: "Não impeça as escravas de Allah de entrar nas casas de Alá". (Sahih Al-Bukhari)


Aishah disse: "Se o Profeta PBUH tivesse vivido tempo suficiente para ver o que as mulheres inovaram hoje, ele teria impedido que elas frequentassem a oração nas mesquitas, assim como as mulheres dos israelitas foram impedidas de entrar nas casas de Alá". (Sahih Muslim)


As coisas que as mulheres inovaram são usar perfume, roupas extravagantes e acessórios de beleza.

    

                                               

Do livro Selected Fatwa for Women

Por: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad

                                                              

Fátua para mulheres: Jejum - mães que amamentam e o jejum

AoA

Fátua: é um pronunciamento legal no Islã emitido por um especialista em lei religiosa, sobre um assunto específico.

P: Uma mulher grávida ou uma mãe que amamenta estaria isenta de observar o jejum no Ramadã?

R: Elas não estariam isentas sem um motivo válido.

Se elas têm uma razão válida, então elas têm que compensar os dias que elas perderam algum tempo depois do Ramadã. Allah diz:

"Mas quem está doente ou está em viagem, deve observar o mesmo número de outros dias" (V. 2: 184) - (Shaikh bin Uthaimeen)      

                                                

Do livro Selected Fatwa for Women

Por: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad

                                                              

Fatwa for women: fasting - nursing mothers and fasting

AoA

Fatwa: a ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority.

Q: Would a pregnant woman or a nursing mother be exempted from observing the fast in Ramadan?

A: They would not be exempted without a valid reason.
If they do have a valid reason then they have to make up for the days they missed some time after Ramadan. Allah says:

"But who is sick or is on a journey, shall observe the same number of other days" (V. 2:184) - (Shaikh bin Uthaimeen) 

                                                              

From the book Selected Fatwa for Women

By: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad 

Fátua para mulheres: jejum - retomada do sangramento pós-natal

AoA


Fátua: é um pronunciamento legal no Islã emitido por um especialista em lei religiosa, sobre um assunto específico.


P: A Nufasa ficou limpa dentro de uma semana após o parto e ela observou vários dias no Ramadã depois disso ela começou a sangrar novamente. Ela tem que se abster de jejuar, e ela tem que compensar os dias que ela perdeu e também aqueles que ela observou?

R: Quando a Nufasa ficar limpa antes do final dos 40 dias, ela deve observar o jejum. Ela deve, no entanto, parar de jejuar e orar se a hemorragia recorrer até completar os 40 dias, que é o número máximo de dias para o período pós-natal, após o qual ela deve tomar banho mesmo se a hemorragia continuar, e realizar Wudu* para cada Salat até o sangramento parar. Isso foi o que o Profeta PBUH instruiu a Mustahadah a fazer. É lícito a essa mulher, no final de quarenta dias, se envolver em relações sexuais com o marido, mesmo que o sangramento continue. Ela tem que executar Salat regularmente e observar rapidamente se esta situação acontecer no Ramadã. - (Shaikh bin Baz)

                                                              
*Antes de praticar a oração, um dos principais pilares práticos do Islã, o muçulmano deve fazer o preparo chamado de Wudu. Rito citado no alcorão que além da limpeza física, visa especialmente a purificação e o preparo espiritual antes da oração. Pois para realizar o Wudu o muçulmano deve estar limpo fisicamente. (www.arabesq.com.br)

Do livro Selected Fatwa for Women
Por: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad

Fatwa for women: fasting - Resumption of postnatal bleeding

AoA

Fatwa: a ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority.

Q: A Nufasa became clean within a week from childbirth and she observed a number of days in Ramadan after which she began to bleed again. Does she have to refrain from fasting, and does she have to make up for the days she missed as well as those she observed? 

A: When a Nufasa becomes clean before the end of the 40 days, she should observe fasting. She must, however, stop fasting and praying if the bleeding recurs until she completes the 40 days, which is the maximum number of days for the postnatal period after which she must have a bath even if bleeding continues, and perform Wudu for every Salat until the bleeding stops. That was what the Prophet PBUH instructed the Mustahadah to do. It is lawful for such a woman, at the end of forty days, to engage in sexual intercourse with her husband even if the bleeding continues. She has to perform Salat regularly and observe fast if this situation happens in Ramadan. - (Shaikh bin Baz) 
                                                              

From the book Selected Fatwa for Women

By: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad

Fátua para mulheres: Jejum - começando o jejum quando a menstruação termina

AoA

Fátua: é um pronunciamento legal no Islã emitido por um especialista em lei religiosa, sobre um assunto específico.

P: Se a minha menstruação terminar logo após o amanhecer no Ramadã, eu tenho que observar esse dia, e se eu fizer isso, o jejum será válido ou eu tenho que compensar esse dia?


R: Se o seu período menstrual terminar ao amanhecer ou antes dele, sua observância será válida mesmo que você adie o banho até depois do amanhecer. Mas se o seu sangue não pára até depois do amanhecer, você tem que observar o resto do dia e você ainda tem que compensar aquele dia depois do Ramadã. Allah sabe melhor. - (Shaikh Ibn Jibreen)

                                                         

Do livro Selected Fatwa for Women
Por: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad

Fatwa for women: fasting - beginning the fast when menstruation ends

AoA

Fatwa: a ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority.

Q: If my menstruation period ends right after dawn in Ramadan, do I have to observe that day, and if I do so would the fast be valid or do I have to make up for that day?

A: If your menstrual period ends with dawn or prior to it, your observance would be valid even if you delay having a bath until after dawn. But if your blood does not stop until after dawn, you have to observe the rest of the day and you still
have to make up for that day after Ramadan. Allah knows best. - (Shaikh Ibn Jibreen) 
                                                              

From the book Selected Fatwa for Women

By: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad

Fátua para mulheres: Jejum - dias perdidos do Ramadã

AoA

Fátua: é um pronunciamento legal no Islã emitido por um especialista em lei religiosa, sobre um assunto específico.

P: Eu não tinha o hábito de compensar os dias que perdi durante o mês do Ramadã por conta do meu período mensal, e não me lembro do número daqueles dias. O que devo fazer neste caso?

R: Você deve tentar o seu melhor para observar um número de dias que você acha que é igual àqueles que você perdeu, e se arrepender de Allah. (Shaikh bin Baz)
                                                              

Do livro Selected Fatwa for Women
Por: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad

Fatwa for women: fasting - days missed from Ramadan

AoA

Fatwa: a ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority.

Q: I was not in the habit of making up for the days that I missed during the month of Ramadan on account of my monthly period, and I do not remember the number of those days. What should I do in this case?

A: You must try your best to observe a number of days which you think to be equal to those you missed, and repent to Allah. (Shaikh bin Baz) 
                                                              

From the book Selected Fatwa for Women

By: Muhammad bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad

Women of Pakistan: Maleeha Lodhi

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Maleeha Lodhi

 She is a Pakistani diplomat, military strategist, academician and political scientist who serves as Pakistan's Representative to the United Nations, the first woman to hold the position. Previously, she served as Pakistan's envoy to the Court of St James's and twice as its ambassador to the United States.

Born in Lahore to an upper-middle-class family, Lodhi studied political science at the London School of Economics and after receiving her doctorate from the school in 1980, she remained there as a member of faculty teaching political sociology. She returned to Pakistan in 1986 to become the editor of The Muslim, making her the first woman to edit a national newspaper in Asia. In 1990, she moved to become the founding editor of The News International. ^[6] In 1994, she was appointed by Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto as Pakistan's envoy to the United States, a position she retained until 1997. She was once again appointed to the same position in 1999 by President Musharraf until 2002 when she completed her tenure and moved on to be High Commissioner to the UK.

In 2001, Lodhi became a member of the United Nations Secretary General's Advisory Board on Disarmament, she served on the board until 2005. In 2003, President Musharraf appointed her as Pakistan's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom at the Court of St James's, where she remained until 2008. Between 2008 and 2010, she served as a resident fellow at the Institute of Politics and the Kennedy School of Harvard University. In February 2015, Lodhi was appointed by Prime Minister Sharif to serve as Permanent Representative and Ambassador of Pakistan to the UN in New York City, making her the first woman to hold the position.

Lodhi is one of Pakistan's prominent diplomats. She has been named as an international scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center and, in 1994, Lodhi was named by the Time magazine as one of a hundred people in the world who will help to shape the 21st century. Lodhi was also a member of the National Defense University's Senate, and has been a member of the advisory council of IISS and continues to be a member of the Global Agenda Council of the World Economic Forum. Lodhi is the recipient of the Hilal-i-Imtiazfor Public Service and holds an honorary fellowship from the London School of Economics since 2004 and received an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from the London Metropolitan University in 2005. She is the author of two books, Pakistan: the External challenge and Pakistan’s Encounter with Democracy. She edited Pakistan: Beyond the Crisis State in 2010.

Women of Pakistan: Dr. Ruth Katherina Martha Pfau

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Dr. Ruth Katherina Martha Pfau

Dr Ruth was awarded Pakistani citizenship in 1998 in recognition of her humanitarian work.

Dr Ruth a German-born physician and nun of the Sister of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (born 9 September 1929) dedicated her life to eradicating leprosy in Pakistan. Dr Ruth studied medicine at Mainz, Germany in 1949, she joined the Catholic Order and eventually landed in Pakistan.

At the time when leprosy was considered taboo in Pakistan, rather than a medical disease, chivalrous Dr Ruth along with her team started their work in the slum quarters on McLeod Road, Karachi in 1960. 

When Dr Ruth first visited the leprosy patient colony; the appalling condition of the place, lacking basic health facilities, water and electricity horrified her. Dr Ruth decided to stay in Pakistan and opened the first Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre (MALC). Leprosy patients were treated in Dr Ruth’s clinic and her work went as far as planning the last rites of the patients, who were abandoned by their families.

Her charitable work gradually started gaining attention and she formed a team of volunteers. In 1968, Dr Ruth’s clinic in partnership with the Government of Pakistan launched the ‘National Leprosy Control Programme’. General Zia appointed Dr Ruth as the President Advisor on leprosy control. Thanks to Dr Ruth’s tireless efforts World Health Organisation declared Pakistan leprosy free in 1996. To date, her organisation runs 157 leprosy centres and employees more than 800 staff members.

Dr Ruth was awarded Pakistani citizenship in 1998 in recognition of her humanitarian work. She has also received several national and international awards including; Sitara i Quaid i Azam (1969), Order of Merit (1969, Germany), Hilal-e-Imtiaz, Hilal-i-Pakistan, Ramon Magsaysay Award (2002), the Jinnah Award (2002) and the Doctor of Science (DSc), honoris causa, Aga Khan University, Karachi (2004).

In addition to her notable work in eradicating leprosy, Dr Ruth worked heroically to help the earthquake and flood affected people of Pakistan in 2005 and 2010. Her demise at the age of 87, after dedicating 57 years of her life to the people of Pakistan, left the entire nation in mourning. Dr Ruth was accorded a full state funeral in August 2017, the first non-Muslim to have received full state funeral and a 19-gun salute.